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Research Guides

BUSN - Citing Business Sources

Websites, Social Media, and Mobile Apps

Websites

When mentioning an entire website in general, it is sufficient to give the name of the website and url in parentheses (APA, 2020b, p. 350).

Example:

Kidspsych is a wonderful interactive website for children (https://www.kidspsych.org).

If you quote or paraphrase from a number of pages on a website, your reference list would include a unique reference for each (APA, 2020b, p. 350). See example for “Citing a page ….” below.

Your instructor may prefer that you include only one reference list entry for a corporate website regardless of the various pages on that site from which you retrieved information. In this case refer to the example below: For SGMA 217- Corporate Websites.

Citing a page or section of a corporate/organization website

Goldcorp Inc. (2016). Responsible mining: Together, creating sustainable value.

https://www.goldcorp.com/English/Responsible-Mining/default.aspx

In-text citation: (Goldcorp Inc., 2016)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 351, #111)

Citing a stand-alone document from a corporate/organization website

Air Canada. (2016, February 17). 2015 Management discussion and analysis of results of operations and

financial condition.  https://www.aircanada.com/content/dam/aircanada/portal/documents/PDF/en/investor/2015

_MDA_en.pdf

In-text citation: (Air Canada, 2015)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 351, #111) ______________________________

McKinsey & Company. (2015, September). Competing for the connected customer: Perspectives on the

opportunities created by car connectivity and automation.

https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/ou

r%20insights/how%20carmakers%20can%20compete%20for%20the%20connected%20consume

r/competing_for_the_connected_customer.ashx

In-text citation: (McKinsey & Company, 2015)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 351, #111)

 

*If you are formatting your corporate websites for SGMA 217 please see the SGMA 217 tab. 

 

Social Media

Two ways to cite:

1.     General mentions – if you are simply mentioning that a company has an app, for example, then simply give the name of the app along in text (APA, 2020b, p. 338).

e.g. The Haskayne School of Business offers various undergraduate and graduate programs which are outlined on their website (https://haskayne.ucalgary.ca) and keeps students informed through its Facebook app and Twitter app.

2.     In-text citations and reference list entries – if you quote or paraphrase retrievable information from social media (APA, 2020b, p. 339).

Social media page (when referring to an individual’s or company’s social media page)

“Do not alter the spelling and capitalization in a social media reference” (APA, 2020b, p. 348).

The name associated with the account should be used as the name in the reference. The title is generated from the first 20 words of the post. A link, hashtag, or emoji will each count as one word and are to be included in the title of the reference if they occur within the first 20 words (APA, 2020b).

Barrick Gold Corporation [Barrick]. (n.d.). Posts [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved January 10, 2015,

from https://www.facebook.com/barrick.gold.corporation

In-text citation: (Barrick Gold Corporation, n.d.)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 349, #106)

X (formerly Twitter)

X profile

Haskayne School [@haskayneschool]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved April 10, 2020,

from https://twitter.com/haskayneschool

In-text citation: (Haskayne School, n.d.)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 349, #104)

Post, individual author

Tertzakian, P. [@PTertzakian]. (2014, December 16). A lump of #coal is forthcoming in the stockings of

many #Canadians this year-- of at least a squirt of #oil: http://bit.ly/1yWp7SF [Post]. X.

https://twitter.com/PTertzakian

In-text citation: (Tertzakian, 2014)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 348, #103)

X post, group author

Calgary Economic Development [@calgaryeconomic]. (2014, March 27). What industry has grown in

Canada more than 40% over the last 8 years? http://ow.ly/v3M9P [Post]. X.

https://twitter.com/calgaryeconomic

In-text citation: (Calgary Economic Development, 2014)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 348, #103)

Facebook

Facebook page

Haskayne Career Center. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved April 10, 2020, from

https://www.facebook.com/haskaynecareercentre

In-text citation: (Haskayne Career Center, n.d.)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 349, #106)

Facebook post (individual author)

Gates, B. (2020, February 4). I’m excited to team up with Roger Federer again for the Match in Africa

Friday in Cape Town. [Federer Gates Noah Nadal Video] [Status update]. Facebook.

https://www.facebook.com/BillGates

In-text citation: (Gates, 2020)

The name associated with the account should be used as the name in the reference. The title is generated from the first 20 words of the post. A link, hashtag, or emoji will each count as one word and are to be included in the title of the reference if they occur within the first 20 words (APA, 2020a).

Facebook post (Group author)

WestJet Airlines Ltd. (2014, March 12). We are thrilled to be named Value Airline of the Year by Air

Transport World [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/westjet

In-text citation: (WestJet Airlines Ltd., 2014)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 349, #105)

Instagram photo or video

Haskayne CUS [@haskaynecus]. (2020, March 17). Hey Haskayne! In light of the recent news regarding

COVID-19, the CUS and HSA will be cancelling the Haskayne Year-End [Photograph]. Instagram.

https://www.instagram.com/p/B92arv_pla4/

In-text citation: (Haskayne CUS, 2020)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 350, #107)

Instagram page

Haskayne Career Center. (n.d.). Home [Instagram page]. Instagram. Retrieved April 10, 2020, from

https://www.instagram.com/haskaynecareercentre

In-text citation: (Haskayne Career Center, n.d.)

LinkedIn post (Group author) - use this for LinkedIn job postings as well

Haskayne Commerce Undergraduate Society. (2020, March 11). In case you haven’t heard, This is it! is

returning on April 3rd at the Red & White Club! Tickets [Post]. LinkedIn.

https://www.linkedin.com/posts/haskayne-commerce-undergraduate-society_in-case-you-

havent-heard-this-is-it-is-activity-6643553107806564352-t_SU

In-text citation: (Haskayne Commerce Undergraduate Society, 2020)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 349, #105)

TikTok References - TikTok Video

Cook, P. [@chemteacherphil]. (2021, September 17). Fighting fire with fire. #sciencetok #learnontiktok [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@chemteacherphil/video/7008953610872605957

TikTok Profile

Witherspoon, R. [@reesewitherspoon]. (n.d.). [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved February 18, 2022, from https://tiktok.com/@reesewitherspoon

Online Forums/Discussion Boards

National Aeronautics and Space Administration [nasa]. (2018, September 12). I’m NASA astronaut Scott

Tingle. Ask me anything about adjusting to being back on Earth after my first spaceflight!

[Online forum post]. Reddit.

https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/duplicates/9fagqy/im_nasa_astronaut_scott_tingle_ask_me_a

nything/

In-text citation: (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2018)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 350, #109)

Online Reviews (for specific reviews)

Medical Laboratory Assistant (Current Employee). (2017, June 17). Calgary Laboratory Services. [Online

forum post]. Indeed. https://ca.indeed.com/cmp/Calgary-Laboratory-

Services/reviews?id=3e32d0a8ac35e41c

In-text citation: (“Medical Laboratory Assistant,” 2017)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 350, #109)

_______________________________

Former Intern. (2020, March 15). Depends on the team. [Online forum post]. Glassdoor.

https://www.glassdoor.ca/Reviews/Employee-Review-Shaw-Communications-

RVW32373198.htm

In-text citation: (“Former Intern,” 2020)

Employee Review Pages: Indeed, GlassDoor, etc. (for general mentions)

Telus Corporation. (n.d.). Telus employee reviews [Indeed page]. Indeed. Retrieved April 10, 2020, from https://ca.indeed.com/cmp/Telus-3/reviews

In-text citation: (Telus, n.d.)

Wikis 

Costa Rica. (2015, January 4). In Wikitravel.

https://en.wikivoyage.org/w/index.php?title=Costa_Rica&oldid=2708117

In-text citation: (“Costa Rica,” 2015)

Input date “by selecting ‘View history’ and … [using] the time and date of the version you used’’ (APA, 2020b, p. 329).

______________________________________________

Porter’s five forces analysis. (2014, December 25). In Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porter%27s_five_forces_analysis&oldid=639607583

In-text citation: (“Porter’s five forces,” 2014)

Input date “by selecting ‘View history’ and … [using] the time and date of the version you used’’ (APA, 2020b, p. 329).

Mobile Apps

Citation for a whole app:

Skyscape. (2013). Skyscape medical resources (Version 1.17.42) [Mobile app]. App Store.

https://www.apple.com/itunes/

In-text citation: (Skyscape, 2013)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 340, #79)

Citation for an entry in a reference work app:

Epocrates. (2019). Interaction check: Aspirin + sertraline. In Epocrates medical references (Version 18.12)

[Mobile app]. Google Play Store.

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.epocrates&hl=en_US

In-text citation: (Epocrates, 2019)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 340, #79)

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