BUSN - Citing Business Sources
- Home
- General Guidance
- Books, Articles, and News Items
- Business Databases
- Websites, Social Media, and Mobile Apps
- Audiovisual Works
- Images or Figures
- Reports
- Other (Patents, Legal Sources, Personal Communication, AI, etc.)
- Citing Indigenous Knowledge
- SGMA 217 Guidance
- Formatting
- Citation Software
- Plagiarism
- Other Styles This link opens in a new window
- Contact Us
Other (Patents, Legal Sources, Personal Communication, etc.)
- Patents
- Legal Sources
- Business Cases
- Theses/Dissertations
- Personal Communication
- Course Material (Lecture Notes, PPTs)
- Artificial Intelligence Sources
Patents
Gentieu, P. R., Acquistapace, T., & Iryami, F. (2013). Synchronous network traffic processor (Canadian
Patent No. CA 2430497). Canadian Intellectual Property Office.
In-text citation: (Gentieu et al., 2013)
“The url of the patent is optional but may be included in the reference list entry if available” (APA, 2020b, p. 366).
Fry, A. L. (1993). Repositionable pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet material (U.S. Patent No. 5,194,299).
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-
Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=
1&f=G&l=50&s1=5194299.PN.&OS=PN/5194299&RS=PN/5194299
In-text citation: (Fry, 1993)
For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 366, #22)
Provincial Legislation
Alberta Personal Income Tax Act, R.S.A. 2000, c A-30, s 24(2.1)(c)(i)-(ii) (2000).
http://www.qp.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/A30.pdf
In-text citation: (Alberta Personal Income Tax Act, 2000)
For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 363, #13)
Traffic Safety Act, R.S.A. 2000, c T-6, s 10 (2000). http://www.qp.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/t06.pdf
In-text citation: (Traffic Safety Act, 2000)
For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 363, #13)
Business cases
Business case (print)
Campbell, C., Piercy, N., Parent, M., & Robson, K. (2014). United Airlines and Captain Denny Flanagan
(Business Case Study No. 9B14A025). Ivey Publishing.
In-text citation: (Campbell et al., 2014)
For further information: (APA, 2020, Ch.8.1; p. 330, #51)
Business case (online)
Mathur, A., & Berman, B. (2014). Planning and implementing effective service guarantee programs
(Harvard Business Review Case Study No. BH587-PDF-ENG). https://store.hbr.org/case-
studies/
In-text citation: (Mathur & Berman, 2014)
For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 330, #51)
Theses/dissertations retrieved from database
Anosike, C. A. (2014). Sustainability efforts of one oil company in Niger Delta of Nigeria (Publication No.
3617725) [Doctoral dissertation, Walden University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
In-text citation: (Anosike, 2014)
For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 334, #65)
Personal Communication
Include in-text citations for personal communications (e.g., emails, telephone calls, interviews or conversations). Because these sources are not recoverable, do not include them in the reference list. Include the communicator’s initial(s) and surname in the in-text citation. It is unnecessary to specify the type of communication within your citation (APA, 2020b, p. 260).
e.g. In-text: In 2012, the agency’s grants doubled (G. Brown, personal communication, May 17, 2014).
e.g. In-text: According to the agency’s director, G. Brown, the agency’s grants doubled in 2012 (personal
communication, May 17, 2014).
Lecture notes and class PowerPoint slides
Lecture
Information gathered from a lecture is usually non-recoverable and is therefore cited as personal communication. In such instances, only an in-text citation would be given and there would be no listing in the reference list (APA, 2020b, p. 260).
A. Smith (personal communication, May 2, 2014) indicated that psychodynamic principles …
Alternatively, you could note the nature of the material in your text description, for example,
As proposed by A. Smith (personal communication, May 2, 2014) in her presentation on the integration of attachment theory and psychodynamic principles . . .
Recoverable course material
If course material is recoverable by others, for example, on a course website etc., it should be cited in-text and included in the reference list.
Include the description "Lecture notes" in brackets following the title of the lecture or course (APA, 2020b, p. 347).
Lecture notes posted to D2L
Smith, A. (2014, May 2). Brain and behavior [Lecture notes]. University of Calgary D2L site.
https://d2l.ucalgary.ca
In-text citation: (Smith, 2014)
Class PowerPoint slides
PowerPoint slides are considered recoverable:
Smith, A. (2013, February 16). Citing and referencing business resources [PowerPoint slides]. University
of Calgary D2L site. https:d2l.ucalgary.ca
In-text citation: (Smith, 2013)
Your citation depends on the AI that is being used. The APA 7 team created this sample citation for ChatGPT:
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
In-text: (OpenAI, 2023)
The date is the year of the version you were using. The version number will help your readers narrow down your date range.
You can find the release date at the bottom of your query page:
For more information please see the APA Style Blog
- Last Updated: Oct 8, 2024 1:25 PM
- URL: https://libguides.ucalgary.ca/c.php?g=735290
- Print Page Print Page