BUSN - Citing Business Sources

Provincial Legislation

Alberta Personal Income Tax Act, R.S.A. 2000, c A-30, s 24(2.1)(c)(i)-(ii) (2000).

http://www.qp.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/A30.pdf

In-text citation: (Alberta Personal Income Tax Act, 2000)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 363, #13)

Traffic Safety Act, R.S.A. 2000, c T-6, s 10 (2000). http://www.qp.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/t06.pdf

In-text citation: (Traffic Safety Act, 2000)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 363, #13)

Business cases

Business case (print)

Campbell, C., Piercy, N., Parent, M., & Robson, K. (2014). United Airlines and Captain Denny Flanagan

(Business Case Study No. 9B14A025). Ivey Publishing.

In-text citation: (Campbell et al., 2014)

For further information: (APA, 2020, Ch.8.1; p. 330, #51)

Business case (online)

Mathur, A., & Berman, B. (2014). Planning and implementing effective service guarantee programs

(Harvard Business Review Case Study No. BH587-PDF-ENG). https://store.hbr.org/case-

studies/

In-text citation: (Mathur & Berman, 2014)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 330, #51)

Theses/dissertations retrieved from database

Anosike, C. A. (2014). Sustainability efforts of one oil company in Niger Delta of Nigeria (Publication No.

3617725) [Doctoral dissertation, Walden University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

In-text citation: (Anosike, 2014)

For further information: (APA, 2020, p. 334, #65)

Personal Communication

Include in-text citations for personal communications (e.g., emails, telephone calls, interviews or conversations). Because these sources are not recoverable, do not include them in the reference list. Include the communicator’s initial(s) and surname in the in-text citation. It is unnecessary to specify the type of communication within your citation (APA, 2020b, p. 260).

e.g. In-text: In 2012, the agency’s grants doubled (G. Brown, personal communication, May 17, 2014).

e.g. In-text: According to the agency’s director, G. Brown, the agency’s grants doubled in 2012 (personal

communication, May 17, 2014).

Lecture notes and class PowerPoint slides

Lecture

Information gathered from a lecture is usually non-recoverable and is therefore cited as personal communication. In such instances, only an in-text citation would be given and there would be no listing in the reference list (APA, 2020b, p. 260).

A. Smith (personal communication, May 2, 2014) indicated that psychodynamic principles …

Alternatively, you could note the nature of the material in your text description, for example,

As proposed by A. Smith (personal communication, May 2, 2014) in her presentation on the integration of attachment theory and psychodynamic principles . . .

Recoverable course material

If course material is recoverable by others, for example, on a course website etc., it should be cited in-text and included in the reference list.

Include the description "Lecture notes" in brackets following the title of the lecture or course (APA, 2020b, p. 347).

Lecture notes posted to D2L

Smith, A. (2014, May 2). Brain and behavior [Lecture notes]. University of Calgary D2L site.

https://d2l.ucalgary.ca

In-text citation: (Smith, 2014)

Class PowerPoint slides

PowerPoint slides are considered recoverable:

Smith, A. (2013, February 16). Citing and referencing business resources [PowerPoint slides]. University

of Calgary D2L site. https:d2l.ucalgary.ca

In-text citation: (Smith, 2013)

Your citation depends on the AI that is being used.  The APA 7 team created this sample citation for ChatGPT:

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

In-text: (OpenAI, 2023)

The date is the year of the version you were using. The version number will help your readers narrow down your date range.

You can find the release date at the bottom of your query page:

For more information please see the APA Style Blog